What is the main application of an enamel hatchet in dentistry?

The main application of an enamel hatchet in dentistry is to clean and smooth the walls in cavity preparations. This instrument is specifically designed for shaping and finishing the enamel walls of a cavity, allowing for precise control when refining the cavity structure. The angled blade of the enamel hatchet enables the dentist to work effectively on the internal surfaces of the cavity, ensuring that they are smooth and free of irregularities. This is crucial for successful restorative procedures, as a well-prepared cavity will better facilitate the bonding of materials used in fillings and other restorative treatments.

The other choices, while related to dental procedures, do not accurately capture the primary function of the enamel hatchet. For instance, polishing tooth surfaces is typically done with other instruments, and extracting enamel from decayed teeth or removing calculus involves different tools designed specifically for those tasks. Thus, the enamel hatchet is distinguished by its role in shaping and finishing cavity preparations.