What is a sphygmomanometer primarily used for?

A sphygmomanometer is primarily used for measuring blood pressure, making it an essential tool in both clinical and home settings. This device works by detecting the pressure of blood in the arteries as the heart pumps it throughout the body. It consists of an inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the patient's arm, a measuring device (which can be a manometer), and sometimes a manual bulb for inflation.

When the cuff is inflated, it occludes the artery, and as the pressure in the cuff is gradually released, the healthcare provider listens for specific sounds (known as Korotkoff sounds) using a stethoscope. The pressure at which the first sound is heard indicates the systolic blood pressure, while the pressure at which the sound disappears indicates the diastolic blood pressure.

This measurement is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), which are significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. By accurately measuring blood pressure, healthcare providers can make informed decisions about patient care and management.