What does ankylosis refer to in dental terminology?

Ankylosis in dental terminology specifically refers to the fusion of a tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone and cementum. This condition can occur when the periodontal ligament, which normally allows for the mobility of teeth, becomes absent or disrupted. Consequently, the tooth loses its natural ability to move and is effectively "anchored" in place by the bone. This can have significant implications for dental health, including difficulties with tooth extraction and potential impacts on alignment and bite.

Understanding this definition is important, as it highlights the unique nature of ankylosis compared to other dental conditions. While the other options describe different processes or reactions within dental health—such as sensitivity loss or infection—they do not capture the specific mechanism of tooth fusion that defines ankylosis. This distinction is crucial for recognizing and diagnosing this condition accurately in clinical practice.