What does an autoclave primarily use to sterilize instruments?

An autoclave primarily uses heat and steam to sterilize instruments, making it an essential tool in dental and medical settings. The process involves pressurizing steam within the chamber, which raises the temperature and creates an environment that effectively kills bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The combination of high temperature and pressure allows the steam to penetrate the surfaces of the instruments, ensuring thorough sterilization.

Heat and steam sterilization is particularly effective because the moist heat denatures proteins and damages cellular structures, making it a reliable method for ensuring that surgical and dental instruments are free from any microbial life. This method also adheres to established sterilization standards, which is critical in preventing infection and ensuring patient safety.